Tuesday 2 October 2012


What is the molar solubility of Cu(OH)2, Ksp=6.0 x 10^-10?


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Cu(OH)2 ---------------------> Cu2+ + 2OH-

First you let the molar solubility to be x.
therefore the conc of Cu2+ = x
and the conc of OH- = 2x

Ksp = [Cu2+] [OH-]^2

........ = (x) (2x)^2
........ = 4x^3

Hence 4x^3 = 6.0 x 10^-10

x = 5.31 x 10^-4

AgNO3(aq) is slowly added to a solution that is 0.280 M NaCl and also 0.0027 M KBr?

What is [Ag]+ at the point at which the second anion begins to precipitate?

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This is a solubility product questions.

You must compare the Ksp of AgCl and that of AgBr.

The Ksp of AgCl > the Ksp of AgBr
This means AgCl is more soluble than AgBr.
The AgBr will precipitate first follower by the AgCl.

You will have to calculate the [Ag+] that will initiate the precipitation of AgCl.

[Ag+] [NaCl] = Ksp of AgCl
[Ag+] (0.28) = 1.0 x 10^-10
[Ag+] = 3.57 x 10^-10

Can someone help me with this chemistry problem?

61.20g of water at 58.0 degrees C is added to a student calorimeter containing 48.80g of water at 25.0 degrees C. What is the final temperature of the water mixture?

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When the water is mixed, the heat energy lost by the hotter water equals to the heat energy gain by the colder water.

Let the final temperature of the water mixture be t.
Heat lost = 61.20 x c x (58 - t)
Heat gain = 48.8 x c x (t - 25)

61.20 x c x (58 - t) = 48.8 x c x (t - 25)
3549.6 - 61.20t = 48.80t - 1220
110t = 4769.6
t = 43.36 degree C

Organic chem which componds with exhibit hydrogen bonding for intermolecular forces?

I don't understand how to determine this

1.ch3ch2F
2.ch3ch2Och3
3.ch3Nch3ch3
4.ch3ch2ch2ch3
5.ch3ch2ch2nh2

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Hydrogen bond is the electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom ( nitrogen or oxygen or fluorine ) and another very electronegative atom ( N, O or F) of another molecule.

To determine the hydrogen bond,
1) Identify the presence of N, O or F in the molecule.
2) Determine whether there is a hydrogen atom directly attached to N, O or F

If the answers to 1) & 2) are YES, then it can form hydrogen bond.

1. There is no hydrogen atom directly attached to F
2. There is no hydrogen atom directly attached to O
3. There is no hydrogen atom directly attached to N
4. There is no N, O or F
5. The answers to 1) and 2) are YES. So............

Galvanic cells how to work out the cell potential using reduction potentials?

A galvanic cell is set up with a copper electrode in contact with CuSO4(aq) and a lead electrode in contact with Pb(NO3)2(aq), respectively, at 25ºC.

The standard reduction potentials are:

Pb2+ + 2 e- → Pb Eº= -0.13 V
Cu2+ + 2 e- → Cu Eº= +0.34 V


If the concentrations of Pb2+ and Cu2+ are each 1.0 M, what is the cell potential in Volt?

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First you need to identify the anode and cathode of the cell.

The anode is the half-cell with the standard reduction potential which is more negative. So, Pb half cell is the anode and oxidation will occur at anode.

The copper half cell which is more positive in SRP is the cathode.

Since the concentrations of Pb2+ and Cu2+ are 1.0M, use this formula to calculate the cell potential:

Cell potential = E(cathode) - E(anode)
.................. = (+0.34) - ( - 0.13)
.................. = 0,47 V

Calculate the concentration of silver ions in a saturated solution of silver chloride...........confusing?

Calculate the concentration of silver ions (in μmol/L) in a saturated solution of silver chloride AgCl (Ksp= 1.6 x 10-10)

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AgCl(s) <=====> Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

Let the conc. of Ag+ = conc. of Cl- = x

Ksp = [Ag+] [Cl-] = (x) x (x) = x^2 = 1.6x 10^-10

x = 1.26 x 10^-5 mol L-1
.. = 12.6 umol / L

Monday 17 September 2012


Use the phase diagram of water to explain?

why ice at the bottom of a glacier can melt when the rest of the glacier which is the same temperature remains solid.

Best Answer - Chosen by Voters

You are right.
If you look at the phase diagram of water, you will notice that the melting point curve slants to the left. It has a negative gradient. This means that the melting point of water decreases as the pressure is increase. At the bottom of glacier, it experiences a greater pressure, hence its melting point decreases. This means that it will only become ice at a lower temperature. At that temperature, the liquid water is more stable, hence it melts.In your phase diagram, you just draw a vertical line upward(increase in pressure) from the melting point curve and you will be in the liquid region of the phase diagram.